@Article{NagelNovoKamp:2020:NaApOp,
               author = "Nagel, Gustavo Willy and Novo, Evlyn M{\'a}rcia Le{\~a}o de 
                         Moraes and Kampel, Milton",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Nanosatellites applied to optical Earth observation: a review",
              journal = "Ambiente e {\'A}gua",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "15",
               number = "3",
                pages = "e2513",
             keywords = "cubeSat, planetScope, remote sensing, cubeSat, planetScope, 
                         sensoriamento remoto.",
             abstract = "Nanosatellites and CubeSats were first developed for educational 
                         purposes. However, their low cost and short development cycle made 
                         nanosatellite constellations an affordable option for observing 
                         the Earth by remote sensing, increasing the frequency of 
                         high-resolution imagery, which is fundamental for studying and 
                         monitoring dynamic processes. In this sense, although still 
                         incipient, nanosatellite applications and proposed Earth 
                         observation missions are steadily growing in number and scientific 
                         fields. There are several initiatives from universities, space 
                         agencies and private companies to launch new nanosatellite 
                         missions. These initiatives are actively investigating new 
                         technologies to improve image quality and studying ways to 
                         increase acquisition frequency through the launch of larger 
                         constellations. So far, the private sector is leading the 
                         development of new missions, with proposals ranging from 12 to 
                         more than one thousand nanosatellite constellations. Furthermore, 
                         new nanosatellite missions have been proposed to tackle specific 
                         applications, such as natural disasters, or to test improvements 
                         on nanosatellite spatial, temporal and radiometric resolution. The 
                         unprecedented combination of high spatial and temporal resolution 
                         from nanosatellite constellations associated with improvement 
                         efforts in sensor quality is promising and may represent a trend 
                         to replace the era of large satellites for smaller and cheaper 
                         nanosatellites. This article first reports on the development and 
                         new nanosatellite missions of space agencies, universities and 
                         private companies. Then a systematic review of published articles 
                         using the most successful private constellation (PlanetScope and 
                         Doves) is presented and the principal papers are discussed. 
                         RESUMO: Os nanossat{\'e}lites e os CubeSats foram desenvolvidos 
                         pela primeira vez para fins educacionais. No entanto, seu baixo 
                         custo e curto ciclo de desenvolvimento fizeram com que 
                         constela{\c{c}}{\~o}es de nanossat{\'e}lites se tornassem uma 
                         op{\c{c}}{\~a}o acess{\'{\i}}vel para aumentar a 
                         frequ{\^e}ncia de imagens de alta resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o visando o 
                         sensoriamento remoto de observa{\c{c}}{\~a}o da Terra, requisito 
                         fundamental para o estudo e monitoramento de processos 
                         din{\^a}micos. Nesse sentido, embora ainda incipientes, as 
                         aplica{\c{c}}{\~o}es de nanossat{\'e}lites e as miss{\~o}es 
                         propostas est{\~a}o crescendo constantemente em n{\'u}mero com 
                         aplica{\c{c}}{\~o}es em diferentes campos cient{\'{\i}}ficos. 
                         Existem v{\'a}rias iniciativas de universidades, ag{\^e}ncias 
                         espaciais e empresas privadas para lan{\c{c}}ar novas 
                         miss{\~o}es de nanossat{\'e}lites. Essas iniciativas v{\^e}m 
                         investigando novas tecnologias para melhorar a qualidade das 
                         imagens e v{\^e}m estudando maneiras de aumentar a 
                         frequ{\^e}ncia de aquisi{\c{c}}{\~a}o atrav{\'e}s do 
                         lan{\c{c}}amento de grandes constela{\c{c}}{\~o}es de 
                         nanossat{\'e}lites. At{\'e} agora, o setor privado est{\'a} 
                         liderando o desenvolvimento de novas miss{\~o}es, cujas propostas 
                         envolvem a cria{\c{c}}{\~a}o de constela{\c{c}}{\~o}es cujo 
                         n{\'u}mero varia de 12 a mais de mil nanossat{\'e}lites. 
                         Al{\'e}m disso, novas miss{\~o}es de nanossat{\'e}lites vem 
                         sendo propostas para lidar com aplica{\c{c}}{\~o}es 
                         espec{\'{\i}}ficas, como desastres naturais, ou para testar 
                         melhorias na resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o espacial, temporal e 
                         radiom{\'e}trica de nanossat{\'e}lites. A 
                         combina{\c{c}}{\~a}o, sem precedentes, de alta 
                         resolu{\c{c}}{\~a}o espacial e temporal oferecida pelas 
                         constela{\c{c}}{\~o}es de nanossat{\'e}lites, associada a 
                         esfor{\c{c}}os de melhoria na qualidade do sensor {\'e} 
                         promissora e pode representar uma tend{\^e}ncia das ag{\^e}ncias 
                         espaciais, universidades e empresas privadas de 
                         substitui{\c{c}}{\~a}o de grandes sat{\'e}lites por 
                         nanossat{\'e}lites menores e mais baratos. Este artigo relata 
                         primeiramente o desenvolvimento e novas miss{\~o}es de 
                         nanossat{\'e}lites. Em seguida, uma sistem{\'a}tica revis{\~a}o 
                         de artigos publicados usando a constela{\c{c}}{\~a}o de maior 
                         sucesso (PlanetScope e Doves) {\'e} apresentada e os principais 
                         trabalhos discutidos.",
                  doi = "10.4136/ambi-agua.2513",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2513",
                 issn = "1980-993X",
                label = "lattes: 9857505876280820 2 NagelNovoKamp:2020:NaApOp",
             language = "pt",
           targetfile = "nagel_nanosatellites.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "28 abr. 2024"
}